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Absolute Reference

This is the position of a cell that when a formula using it is copied will always refer to that cell.

To make an absolute reference to a cell use the $ symbol before the row or column name.

For example when copied:

  • $B$4 will always reference cell B4
  • B4 will change whenever it is copied. If you copy one row down and one column across the B will change to a C and 4 will change to a 5
  • $B4 will only change the row. If you copy one row down and one column across the B will stay as B and 4 will change to a 5
  • B$4 will only change the row. If you copy one row down and one column across the B will change to a C and 4 will stay as a 4