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Processes that occur within a system to ensure the inputs are changed into the outputs in a controlled and intended way, without need for additional human design input. Transforming refers to changing the structure or particle alignment within an existing material in order to change some of its properties, but, in terms of its composition, it remains the same material. For example, felting; beating an egg white; heat treating metals to harden or anneal them; steaming timber to soften its fibres so that it can be manipulated (bent).